3DO Interactive Multiplayer

Various (Panasonic, Goldstar, Sanyo) · 1993 – 1996

Trip Hawkins's ambitious open-standard console launched at $699 in 1993, making it the most expensive home console ever released. Despite impressive hardware and a triple-speed CD-ROM drive, its price and the imminent PlayStation announcement ended its commercial viability within two years.

The 3DO Company did not manufacture hardware — it licensed the 3DO specification to consumer electronics companies (Panasonic, Goldstar, Sanyo) who built compatible machines. This open-platform approach was intended to create competition that would drive prices down; instead, it complicated the consumer message and divided game development resources. The hardware specification was advanced for 1993: a 32-bit ARM60 CPU at 12.5 MHz, dedicated graphics processor with texture mapping, a triple-speed CD-ROM drive, and 2MB of DRAM. The $699 launch price was set by manufacturing costs that the open-hardware model had not reduced as anticipated. Trip Hawkins had founded Electronic Arts and genuinely believed the 3DO would become the dominant gaming platform; the PlayStation's 1994 announcement at $299 — with equivalent or superior hardware — made the 3DO's business case untenable within months of its launch.